How to learn to live in a plus in order to provide yourself with a comfortable old age

2024 Author: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:44

You can't be too young to accumulate retirement savings. Together with it, we figure out why everyone needs it and how to choose the optimal strategy.

I have enough for everything, why do I need savings?

The accumulation process itself is meaningless. The opportunities it provides are important. And we are not talking about buying factories, newspapers and ships.

There are several cases where savings are needed to maintain a comfortable standard of living. Here is some of them:

1. Birth of a child. The bunny and lawn theory only works in proverbs. In fact, one of the parents loses part of their income during maternity leave, and the family's expenses increase.
2. Loss of work. Savings will allow you not to agree in a panic on the first offer that comes across, just to patch holes in the budget, but to choose an excellent company with good conditions. For rare specialists or top managers, the search can take months.
3. Loss of a spouse. Those who remain must bear on their shoulders not only grief, but also the burden of providing for the whole family. Capital won't diminish sadness, but it will make life a little easier.
4. Retirement … The average salary in Russia after deducting personal income tax is 37,057 rubles, the average pension is 15,414 rubles. Accordingly, a person loses more than half of his income upon retirement, and additional financial receipts will not be superfluous.

In the first three cases, you can change the situation in real time: find additional sources of income, change jobs for a higher-paying job, climb the career ladder, and in general, you have your whole life ahead of you. But you need to take care of your pension in advance.

Shouldn't the state pay the pension?

As we already said, after the 2019 indexation, the average pension in Russia is 15,414 rubles. Moreover, in the calculations, increased pension payments to judges, officials, deputies are taken into account, which improve statistics, but not the lives of older people who are not included in these categories.

The living wage of a Russian pensioner is estimated at 8,615 rubles. Even if you manage to meet this amount with the purchase of food, household chemicals, payment for services, the remaining money is hardly enough to provide yourself with a comfortable old age.

In addition, due to the increase in the retirement age, Russians will begin to receive even this small amount of money five years later. And the criminal liability for the dismissal of persons of pre-retirement age can lead to the fact that employers simply will not employ them. As a result, there is a risk of losing your job long before payments from the state and being left without a source of income at all.

It's still a long way to retirement, why take care of it now?

To provide for oneself in old age, it is not enough just to save money. If you put bills in a box or under a mattress every month, they will depreciate by the rate of inflation and will not have the desired effect in the long run.

Savings grow when you make them work. To do this, you need to invest them, considering different options for investment. Age matters here: the more time you have in stock, the more opportunities you have to try out different investment options and increase your savings.

Let's say I realized the importance of retirement savings. Where to begin?

Determine your financial goal: how much money you want to receive each month or how much you want to have for retirement. Then evaluate the starting conditions: how many years you have left until retirement, how much monthly you plan to save, how much you have already saved.

To find out your potential income, use ITI Capital. This will help you choose a strategy and figure out in advance what you can count on for different investment options.

The closer the pension, the more reliable methods you should choose. The principle of a bird in hand works here: let the savings grow slowly but steadily. Young people can act more courageously: you will still have time to adjust your investment strategy if something does not go as planned. Remember that high returns are always high risks.

Don't get hung up on one way of investing money: it's risky.

The savings should be divided and invested in different financial instruments. This will further reduce the risk of losing money.

Let's try to count together?

Let's. Let's say you are 35 years old, you can save 3 thousand a month and want to retire at 65 years old. In addition, you managed to save 100 thousand. You plan to spend on retirement no more than 40 thousand rubles a month.

If you put money on a deposit at 4% per annum, you will be able to accumulate 2.44 million rubles. This is enough for 5 years of retirement life.

The result did not suit you, and you decided to keep only half of your savings on the deposit. The other 50% you invest in bonds with a yield of 9% per annum.

The result of 4 million is more pleasant: this amount will be enough for 11 years.

But retirement is far away, so you can invest some of the money in high-yield stocks. We will divide the savings and leave 20% on the deposit, 60% will be invested in bonds, and 20% - in stocks with an estimated return of 14%.

If all three strategies work, these savings will last for a long time.

And where to invest so as not to risk too much?

Let's consider the most popular options.

Deposit

Traditional accumulation tool. According to the Central Bank, the weighted average interest rate on deposits with maturity over three years is 6.07%.

Deposits are insured by the state, but only for an amount of up to 1.4 million rubles.

Federal loan bonds

These securities are issued by the state, so the risk of losing money when buying them is minimal.

The annual yield of OFZs is now estimated at an average of 8% - higher than on deposits. If you buy them through an individual investment account, you can increase your income thanks to an income tax refund of up to 52 thousand per year. Lifehacker, together with ITI Capital, told in detail how to do this.

ETF

ETF (Exchange Traded Funds) is an exchange-traded investment fund that is invested in stock indices, commodities, raw materials or securities. By investing in ETFs, you are investing in a package of securities formed by the fund. It is more reliable than buying shares of any one company.

ETFs can be bought and sold just like regular securities. At the same time, ETFs are denominated in US dollars, and if the currency rate increases, you will make money, not lose.

ETFs come in many varieties, so first examine which assets are in the package you want to invest in.

An example is clearly needed here, can I?

Can. The company has prepared investment portfolios for different ages with an optimal set of stocks and bonds in terms of the ratio of profitability and reliability.

For those who have already celebrated their 50th anniversary, the investment portfolio "Wisdom" is offered. It consists of 75% ETF on the index of Eurobonds of Russian issuers and 25% of ETF on the RTS index with shares of the most profitable Russian companies. The first part will help to save funds with a relatively low income, the second will provide a high return on investment for a long time.

The composition of the "Confidence" portfolio for 30-year-olds is different: it contains 25% ETF on the index of Eurobonds of Russian issuers and 75% - ETF on the RTS index. A rise in the share price and possible dividends in the future can provide a good return on the portfolio, although the risks are higher here. But you still have a lot of time to adjust your earnings strategy if the investment efficiency does not suit you.

What if I save my life all my life and do not live up to retirement age?

Assets are inherited. So the savings will go to your family or the people you mention in your will.

In addition, your savings, unlike those listed in the FIU, you can spend at any time, it is not necessary to wait for a certain age.