How to pay taxes: what a typical Russian needs to know

2024 Author: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:44

If you do not transfer money to the state, you can lose even more.

This text will focus on taxes for individuals - people, citizens, you and me. By the way, paying taxes is a constitutional obligation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

What income tax must be paid

Most often, this tax is hidden behind the abbreviation personal income tax and, as the name implies, is paid from the income you receive. It can be:

• salary or fees;
• income from the sale of securities;
• money from renting out real estate;
• income from the sale of an apartment or car (there are exceptions here, more about them below);
• winning the lottery;
• prizes and gifts from companies and individual entrepreneurs are more expensive than 4 thousand rubles;
• real estate, a car or securities received as a gift not from close relatives.

Some income is exempt from personal income tax. These include benefits, pensions, scholarships, repaid debt, property and shares received as a gift from close relatives or by inheritance, income from the sale of a car and apartment that you have owned for more than three years, and so on. If you have multiple properties, you will have to wait five years from the date of purchase to sell each one tax-free.

In addition, you can receive tax deductions to reduce the amount that is subject to personal income tax. For housing, this is the price at which you purchased it, or 1 million rubles. The tax will have to be paid only on the difference between income and the amount of the deduction. For a car it is 250 Article 220. Property tax deductions of thousands.

How is personal income tax calculated

The tax rate for most types of income is 13% of the RF Tax Code Article 224. Tax rates. This means that if you are paid a salary of 50 thousand rubles, then you will receive only 43 500, and the rest will be transferred to the state. For some types of income, the rate is 35%. These include:

• Winnings and prizes from companies and individual entrepreneurs are more than 4 thousand rubles.
• Income from ruble deposits with a rate that exceeds the refinancing rate by 5 points (now it is 11%), or foreign currency deposits with a rate of 9%.
• Payment for the use of money of shareholders of credit consumer cooperatives and interest on loans to agricultural credit consumer cooperatives. But only the difference between the income under the agreement and the “refinancing rate + 5%” indicator is taxed.
• Savings on interest when receiving a loan, if it is material assistance and (or) the loan is issued by an employer or other related organization. And again, not the entire amount is taxed, and the difference between the interest under the contract and the actual amount of interest is 9% for a loan in foreign currency or ⅔ of the refinancing rate.

How and when to pay personal income tax

If your income is limited to your salary, you don't need to do anything. The tax is calculated, deducted and transferred by the employer. If you received additional income, you must first notify the tax office about it. To do this, you must submit a 3 ‑ NDFL declaration - the Lifehacker has detailed instructions on how to do this.

You must submit the document before April 30 of the year following the one in which you received the money.

If this date falls on a weekend, the deadline is carried over to the next business day. The accrued tax must be paid by July 15th. This can be done in several ways:

• on the website of the Federal Tax Service;
• through a special one on the FTS website;
• through a mobile or online bank or directly at the institution;
• on;
• through multifunctional centers;
• at the post office.

Are there any personal income tax benefits

There are no benefits, but there are deductions. You can return part of the tax paid or the entire amount in whole, if you have a child, you bought a house, studied for a fee or received medical treatment, and so on. This cannot be said in a nutshell. So it's better to immediately open two useful materials in the next tab and read them when you're done with this text.

What property taxes must be paid

What property is taxed

Real estate

If you own the RF Tax Code Chapter 32. Property tax for individuals real estate, you must pay property tax. Such objects include:

• House;
• apartment or room;
• garage or parking place;
• single real estate complex;
• construction in progress;
• any other building or structure.

The tax rate ranges from 0.1% to 2% - it all depends on the region and the cadastral value of the property. The more expensive it is, the higher the rate.

The law provides for deductions of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation Article 403. The procedure for determining the tax base based on the cadastral value of taxable items. When calculating the tax on an apartment or part of a house, the price of 20 square meters is subtracted from the total value, for a room or part of an apartment - 10 square meters, for a house - 50 square meters. And already the remainder is taxed.

Transport

Owners of cars, yachts, motorcycles, snowmobiles, motor ships, airplanes and other means of transportation pay the RF Tax Code Article 358. The object of taxation is transport tax.

The tax depends on the type of transport and engine power. Each horsepower (kilogram of thrust of a jet engine, one register ton of a vehicle, and so on) is estimated in rubles. The tax rate is set by the regional authorities. However, their appetite is limited by ten times the Tax Code of the Russian Federation Article 361. Tax rates are the size of the rate specified in the Tax Code. For example, the owner of a car with a capacity of up to 100 horsepower cannot be charged more than 25 rubles per horsepower.

Earth

Owners of land plots located in the territory of a city, village or other municipal entity pay the Tax Code of the Russian Federation Article 389. The object of taxation is land tax.

The tax is calculated from the cadastral value. The rates may not exceed 0.3% for the land of the housing and utilities fund, agricultural plots, summer cottages, gardens, personal subsidiary plots and customs lands, 1.5% for other objects.

How and when to pay property taxes

The tax office sends a single notification of the need to pay property tax. It will come by mail or appear in your personal account on the FTS website before November 1. Taxes must be paid by December 1st. The easiest way to do this, again, is on the tax website.

Are there property tax incentives

Both federal and local exemptions apply to property and land taxes. For transport - only regional.

If you do not want to delve into the laws, you can check whether you are entitled to a benefit at the Federal Tax Service.

For example, people with disabilities of the first and second groups, various types of military personnel and their relatives, pensioners and other citizens can apply for property tax benefits. If you are not looking for easy ways, the list of federal benefit recipients for property tax is in Article 407 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, Article 407. Tax benefits of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, land - in Article 391 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, Article 391.

To take advantage of the privilege, you need to notify the tax office of your right. You can submit an application on the website of the Federal Tax Service in your personal account, following the path: "Life situations" → "Apply for a benefit."

What other taxes are there

Above are the taxes that almost everyone will face in one way or another at different times of life. But everything is not limited to them. For example, someone who regularly provides services for money may pay tax on professional income. If he registers himself as self-employed, he will have to pay not 13%, but 4–6% of the amounts received. True, this is available Federal Law of December 15, 2019 No. 428-FZ "On Amendments to the Federal Law" On Conducting an Experiment to Establish a Special Tax Regime "Tax on Professional Income" in the Federal City of Moscow, in the Moscow and Kaluga Regions, as well as in the Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan) "only for residents of 23 regions.

In addition, there are payment options that are not called taxes, but the essence of this does not change much. For example, the inheritance is not subject to personal income tax, but you must pay a state fee.

What happens if you do not pay taxes

Nothing good. If you do not file a tax return when necessary, the penalty will be 5% of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation Article 119 of the unpaid tax amount for each month of delay, but not less than 1 thousand rubles and not more than 30% of the amount owed. For each day of delay in tax payments, you will have to pay a penalty - 1/300 of the refinancing rate of the Central Bank. Now it is 0.02%.

Finally, you can be fined for tax evasion by 20% of the RF Tax Code Article 122. Failure to pay or incomplete payment of tax amounts. And if you can prove that you did it on purpose, the sanctions will be 40%.

All financial sanctions are in addition to taxes that you still have to pay.

If over the past three years you have owed at least 900 thousand (and this is more than 10% of all your taxes), you may be attracted to the criminal Criminal Code of the Russian Federation Article 198. Evasion of an individual from paying taxes, fees and (or) an individual - payer of insurance premiums from the payment of insurance premiums liability. This is a fine of 100-300 thousand rubles (sometimes - income for a period from 18 months to three years), or up to a year of forced labor, or up to six months of arrest, or up to a year in prison.

What to remember

• If you receive income from which the employer does not pay deductions, you must declare these receipts by April 30 and pay tax by July 15.
• Before declaring income, check if it needs to be done and if it is taxable. There are many concessions in the laws.
• If you own a home, car, or land, you have to pay property taxes. This must be done before December 1.
• The state has provided for many benefits for property taxes. Check to see if you are on the list of those who have been lightened. If so, you should notify the Federal Tax Service.
• If you don't pay taxes, you end up giving away much more money than you "saved."