How much taxes do you actually pay

2024 Author: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:44

13% of personal income tax is just the tip of the iceberg. It all depends on how much you get and spend and what you own.

Russia looks favorably in the ranking of countries, compiled in accordance with the size of the income tax. In the list, it ranks 116th out of 135, and in 9 countries at the bottom of the rating, there is simply no income tax.

Since January 1, 2001, the income tax rate in Russia is 13%. For comparison, in Sweden it is 57%, and in Denmark - 56%. Therefore, when someone talks about a developed system of social support in Scandinavia, the argument suggests itself: there citizens give more than half of their salaries as taxes, while in our country it is only 13%. But it's not that simple.

There are many taxes and contributions that Russians pay out of their salaries, and they add up to a decent amount in the end.

Income taxes

Personal income tax

If you have income, you have to pay taxes on it. And this is where the 13% rate applies. An exception is the tax for the self-employed, where you can pay 4–6% on income, but it is still in effect as an experiment and not throughout Russia.

If you receive a salary of 45,000 rubles, then you will receive only 39,150 rubles.

When it comes to salaries, the employer in most cases deducts personal income tax to the state. If he does not do this or you have other income, you must indicate them in the tax return and pay yourself.

Personal income tax is paid not only from salaries, but also from income from the sale of securities, remuneration received in kind, and even from prizes and gifts more expensive than 4,000 rubles received from organizations and individual entrepreneurs.

Social insurance contributions

Previously, these deductions were called the unified social tax, but in 2010 it was abolished. But the deductions themselves remained.

The employer pays 22% of your salary to the Pension Fund, 5.1% to the Federal Mandatory Health Insurance Fund, and 2.9% to the Social Insurance Fund. In total, this is 30% of the accrued amount.

If the employer gave this money to you, then the salary of 45,000, excluding personal income tax, would be 58,500 rubles.

With higher incomes from a certain amount, the amount of contributions is reduced. After the annual income reaches 1.15 million, only 10% of the balance will be transferred to the Pension Fund. For social insurance, a bar of 865 thousand is provided, and after that these contributions are not paid at all.

In addition, there is also a premium for insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases. It is 0, 2–8, 5% - the size depends on the employee's occupational risk class.

Property taxes

Individual property tax

Paid if you own:

• House;
• apartment or room;
• garage or parking place;
• single real estate complex;
• construction in progress;
• any other building or structure.

In most regions of Russia, property tax is calculated based on the cadastral value of the property. It, in contrast to the inventory, takes into account not only the technical characteristics, but also the location and infrastructure and is closest to the market.

The tax rate ranges from 0.1% to 2% - it all depends on the region and the cadastral value of the property. The more expensive it is, the higher the rate.

The law provides for deductions. For example, when calculating the tax on an apartment, the price of 20 square meters is subtracted from the total cost, and only the tax is calculated from the remainder.

There are regions where the tax is still calculated according to the inventory value, but 2018 is the last year for which contributions will be calculated according to this scheme.

Transport tax

As the name implies, this is a tax on transport, and not only on a car. The law covers motorcycles, buses, motor ships, yachts, snowmobiles, airplanes, and so on.

Tax rates are set by regions and depend on engine power. Each horsepower (kilogram of thrust of a jet engine, one register ton of a vehicle, and so on) is estimated in rubles.

However, the size of the rate cannot exceed the one established by the Tax Code by more than ten times.

Land tax

It is paid if you own a piece of land that is located on the territory of a city, village or other municipality.

The tax is calculated on the cadastral value, and the rates cannot exceed 0.3% for housing and communal lands, agricultural plots, summer cottages, gardens, personal subsidiary plots and customs lands, 1.5% for other objects.

Regions can set local rates on their territory less than these indicators.

Consumer taxes

Value added tax

Taxes are paid not only on income, but also on expenses. VAT is included in the price of many goods and amounts to 20%. An exception is made for socially significant goods and services - medicines, children's goods, essential products, and so on.

Excise taxes

Alcohol, tobacco, fuel, cars and high-performance motorcycles are excisable products.

Excise taxes are an indirect tax that ultimately also falls on the shoulders of the buyer. Moreover, when you buy a bottle of wine, you pay both it and VAT.

In 2019, the excise tax for 1 liter of anhydrous ethyl alcohol contained in the product is 418 rubles, for 1,000 cigarettes - at least 2,568 rubles, for 1 ton of class 5 gasoline - 12,314 rubles.

Customs duties and limits

Since 2019, the limits on the value and weight of international mail, which are not subject to customs duties and taxes, have been reduced. For parcels worth more than 500 euros and heavier than 31 kilograms, you will have to pay 30% of the cost over the limit and at least 4 euros for each kilogram of overweight.

And if a retailer imported the goods for you, you will still pay the customs duty - it will be included in the price.

The rates are set by the Eurasian Economic Commission. So, for the import of coffee in beans it is necessary to pay 8% of the customs value, but not less than 0, 16 euros per 1 kg, soap - 4.5% plus 0, 02 euros per 1 kg.

What is the bottom line

It is not easy to calculate exactly how much percent a Russian pays to the budget. Personal income tax and social contributions in total give 43%, and taking into account the payment for possible injuries - from 43.2% to 48.5%. The final figure depends on whether the citizen has property and how much and what exactly he buys.

So, the dean of the Faculty of Economics, Moscow State University. MV Lomonosov Alexander Auzan believes that Russians actually pay 48%, not 13% of the tax.