Symptoms of diabetes not to be missed

2024 Author: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:44

In some cases, metabolic disorders can be prevented.

What is diabetes

Diabetes (from the Greek verb διαβαίνω - "to pass through", "to flow") is the general name for Diabetes / Great Russian Encyclopedia of Conditions that are accompanied by excessive urine output, the so-called polyuria.

According to legend, for the first time this term was used by the ancient physician Areteus of Cappadocia. He found that some of the people who came to him complaining of not feeling well had two common symptoms that recur. The first is that the liquid does not stay in the body, but passes through, as if directly from the mouth to the urethra. The second is sweet urine. In fact, Areteus described diabetes mellitus: urine with this disease really acquires a characteristic taste due to an increase in glucose levels - hyperglycemia.

It is now known that diabetes is not necessarily sugar-related. There are other conditions that make it difficult for the body to retain moisture. For example:

• diabetes insipidus;
• renal Renal Diabetes / Science Direct - caused by impaired renal function;
• MODY-Diabetes Other Types Of Diabetes / The British Diabetic Association. He is also a mature type of diabetes in young people. This disorder is associated with a mutation in one of the genes.

However, these types of diabetes are very rare. Therefore, most often the word diabetes Diabetes / WHO designate a hyperglycemic variant of the disease - diabetes mellitus associated with metabolic disorders. Specifically, the body cannot produce or use insulin, a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels. Because of this, there is too much sugar. This is how hyperglycemia occurs, which, in turn, leads to serious damage to internal organs and systems - especially blood vessels and nervous tissue.

What is diabetes mellitus

WHO distinguishes Diabetes / WHO of several types.

1. Type I diabetes

Previously, it was called insulin-dependent or juvenile, children's. This diagnosis is said when the body does not produce insulin or too little of it is produced.

This type of diabetes is most often diagnosed in children or adolescents, and its causes are still unknown. To compensate for the lack of the hormone, insulin has to be injected from the outside - with the help of injections.

2. Type II diabetes

It is also in the outdated version - insulin-independent, developing in adults. This diagnosis means that the body is producing insulin. But for some reason he cannot use it.

This is the most common type of diabetes. As a rule, it occurs against the background of excess weight and a sedentary lifestyle.

3. Gestational diabetes

This type of disease develops in some pregnant women. Gestational diabetes is considered a serious complication of pregnancy, because it increases Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy / MSD Handbook the risk of congenital malformations in an unborn child, spontaneous abortion or stillbirth.

What are the symptoms of diabetes

Depending on the type, the signs of the disease differ slightly.

For example, gestational diabetes often does not manifest itself Diabetes / CDC. It is found in blood tests, although the well-being of the expectant mother may seem normal to her. Therefore, it is so important during pregnancy to regularly visit the gynecologist and undergo all the examinations that he prescribes.

When it comes to type I and type II diabetes, these conditions have several common features of Diabetes / CDC:

1. Frequent urge to use the toilet, especially at night.
2. Constant thirst.
3. Weight loss, although the person does not put any effort into this and does not change the diet.
4. Increased appetite.
5. Deterioration of vision: objects around begin to appear slightly blurry, indistinct.
6. Regular numbness or tingling in the limbs.
7. Rapid fatigability, feeling of lack of strength.
8. Dry skin, sometimes itching.
9. Slow wound healing.
10. Frequent infections.
11. Regular itching of Diabetes: the basics / The British Diabetic Association in the genital area or recurrent thrush.

People with type I diabetes also sometimes complain of nausea, vomiting, and unreasonable abdominal pain. This type of disease develops quickly: the state of health can deteriorate dramatically in weeks, and sometimes even in a matter of days. Type 1 Diabetes / The British Diabetic Association. Due to the fact that the body cannot get enough energy, it begins to actively break down its own fat reserves. In this process, Diabetic coma - Symptoms and causes / Mayo Clinic toxic acids - ketones are formed. They can be detected, among other things, by the characteristic sugary smell of Diabetic ketoacidosis / NHS acetone when breathing. This condition is called diabetic ketoacidosis, and it is extremely dangerous: its consequences can be coma, irreversible brain damage, and even death.

Symptoms of type II diabetes develop more slowly, gradually increasing over several years. As a rule, a person notices something wrong only when faced with complications of Type 2 diabetes - Symptoms and causes / Mayo Clinic: for example, constant weakness, blurred vision, loss of sensitivity in the tips of the fingers or toes, kidney failure Diabetes / WHO, cardiovascular problems - the same hypertension.

What to do if you suspect diabetes

See a physician immediately. The doctor will examine you, ask you about your symptoms, lifestyle. And he will definitely issue a referral for blood and urine tests. The purpose of these tests is to check the Blood sugar test / U. S. National Library of Medicine glucose.

The normal level of sugar in blood taken from a vein on an empty stomach is from 3, 9 to 5, 6 mmol / l. If the analysis shows values from 5, 6 to 6, 9 mmol / l, they speak of prediabetes. Anything above is a sign of diabetes.

If the suspicion of the disease is confirmed, the therapist will send you to a specialized specialist - an endocrinologist, who will most likely offer to undergo several additional tests to clarify the type of violation. For example, this could be Diabetes Tests / CDC urinalysis for ketones or a blood test for autoimmune antibodies - one of the hallmarks of type I diabetes.

Depending on the results of the examination and the diagnosis, you will be prescribed treatment. Its purpose is to control blood sugar levels to prevent devastating effects. Prescribed drugs may have to be taken for life.

How to prevent diabetes

Not all types of violations are preventable. For example, doctors still do not know exactly how and why an insulin-dependent variant of the disease develops. Therefore, there are simply no measures to prevent type 1 diabetes. Type 1 Diabetes / CDC.

But it is quite possible to reduce the risk of developing type II diabetes Type 2 diabetes - Symptoms and causes / Mayo Clinic and gestational. For this:

1. Watch your diet … Try to reduce the amount of fatty and high-calorie foods. Instead, opt for high-fiber foods such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and breads.
2. Move more … Exercise at least 150 minutes a week: walk at a brisk pace, ride a bike, swim, run. Regular, moderately intense physical activity lowers blood sugar and makes you more sensitive to insulin
3. Lose excess weight if you have it.
4. Don't sit for long periods … Get up and warm up every half hour.

This material was first published in February 2017. In July 2021, we updated the text.