7 rules of the Russian language, from which you can blaze

2024 Author: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:44

Editor Nikita Yukovich wrote in his blog about the rules of the Russian language, which are hard to fit in the head. Lifehacker publishes a note with the permission of the author.

There are many articles about mistakes that annoy everyone. Therefore, I wrote not about errors, but about the rules - they sometimes infuriate even more.

1. "Upon arrival" and "upon arrival", not "upon arrival" and "upon arrival"

In the meaning of “after something”, the preposition “by” is used with the prepositional case: upon arrival, upon arrival, upon return.

The preposition "by" is used with the dative case if it indicates:

• to a surface or space (crawls on a table, travels around Europe);
• on the object to which the action is directed (hit in the face);
• on a face or thing that people think or miss (miss you);
• for the reason (due to their stupidity);
• on the subject to which the action applies (something needs to be decided on the edits).

And it is also used with the accusative case, when it indicates the object to which the action is limited (up to the tonsils). But if we say that something will happen only after a certain event, then we need to use the prepositional case.

2. "Coffee to go", not "coffee to go"

We use adverbs when we need to describe a subject. To takeaway coffee is closer to the question "what?", And not "where?" or "what for?"

In this situation, you need to use an adverb. And the adverb "take away" is written in one word according to the dictionary.

3. "5.5 rubles", not "5.5 rubles"

Here proof is easy to find, for example, in Rosenthal or Milchin: with a mixed number, a fraction rules the noun. Therefore: 8, 5 meters (eight point five tenths of a meter), 9½ weeks (nine point one second of the week).

There are many objections: but after all, when we see "9, 5 weeks", we read "nine and a half", and not "nine point five tenths." If you stick to the rules, it turns out like this: if you want to read as "nine and a half," write "nine and a half."

4. "Until the earliest", not "until how many"

The word "how much" does not have the form "how many":

Nominative	How many
Genitive	How many
Dative	How many
Accusative	How many or how many
Instrumental case	How many
Prepositional	How many

5. "Economy class", not "economy class"

The word "economy class", in contrast to "business class", is abbreviated rather than complex: the first stem is abbreviated ("economy" from "economical").

Compound words are written together: dance class (dance class), drama circle (drama circle), economy class (economy class).

6. Illegal hyphen in Anglicisms

According to the dictionary of the Institute of the Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, there is no hyphen in the deadline, but in the food court and checklist.

There are many such examples - it seems that there is no definite system and words get into the dictionary anyhow. One gets the feeling that borrowed words must go this way: ordeal without entering into the dictionary; entry with a hard-to-explain hyphen; changing the norm to a more logical spelling without a hyphen.

7. Unwilling barista

Unlike previously borrowed from the Italian giornalista ("journalist") and even fascista ("fascist"), the "barista" has not yet been assimilated: it has retained the Italian ending and does not incline. But I think that everything will change: after all, the language lives and changes.

Where are the proofs, Lebowski?

In the article, I did not put links, because it is difficult to find sources in the open access and not violate anyone's copyright. But if someone fundamentally needs confirmation of what was written, I will tell you where to look.

What to do with this information

Here are some options:

1. Constantly correct interlocutors and therefore enrage everyone.
2. To be furious that these norms are stupid, to enter into editorial policy options that seem correct, and live in peace.
3. To twist and prove in the comments that real people do not speak like that, so it's time to redo the norms.
4. Speak as usual.

I did not write this post to expose anyone of ignorance or to encourage everyone to write as the rules require. Some of this seems very strange to me myself. It is hoped that over time, the norms will become more logical.