What is the danger of anemia during pregnancy and how it is treated

2024 Author: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:44

Low hemoglobin in a mother has a bad effect on the development of the child.

What is anemia

Anemia Pregnancy anemia, or anemia, is a disease in which the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood decreases. It is a protein inside erythrocyte cells that contains iron. For oxygen, it acts as a magnet. If hemoglobin becomes small, oxygen does not find points for attachment, therefore organs and tissues receive less oxygen and begin to suffocate, their work is disrupted.

Anemia of pregnant women is especially dangerous. Anemia during pregnancy. Due to low hemoglobin, immunity deteriorates and infections are more likely to attack, and during childbirth, severe bleeding may begin and the woman will die.

Anemia is less dangerous for a child. Its hemoglobin is different in structure from what is in the mother's blood, and can transport more oxygen. Therefore, with mild anemia, the fetus will not suffer. But if the disease is not treated, it turns into a severe form, due to which the child can be born prematurely, have a low body weight and even die.

What are the symptoms of anemia during pregnancy

Anemia cannot always be recognized by its external manifestations. Pregnant women Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy: Prevention tips, unlike other women, get more tired, often feel dizzy and weak, and this is one of the first signs of low hemoglobin. Other symptoms of Vitamin deficiency anemia may also appear:

• pale or yellowish skin;
• headache;
• cold hands and feet;
• brittle nails, hair loss;
• poor appetite;
• dyspnea;
• cardiopalmus;
• bleeding gums.

Some pregnant women due to anemia Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy: Prevention tips begin to eat chalk, sand, clay, someone is pleased with the smell of fresh paint, glue or gasoline.

Why does anemia occur during pregnancy and how is it treated

You can notice anemia on a general blood test. Therefore, pregnant women take it several times during the entire observation period with a gynecologist. If the doctor sees deviations from the norm, he will refer you to a therapist. In severe cases, a woman is advised to visit a hematologist.

Scientists distinguish several types of anemia depending on the reasons. Each of them needs their own special treatment, so first the woman takes blood tests.

Iron deficiency

In 90% of cases during pregnancy, anemia occurs. Anemia of pregnant women due to a lack of iron in the body. A woman needs this element twice as many Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy: Prevention tips than before conception, in order to provide the growing fetus with oxygen. But under the influence of certain factors, her body cannot maintain a normal concentration of hemoglobin. This happens if Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy: Prevention tips:

• Iron consumption increases. For example, with periodic bleeding from the gums, with hemorrhoids or stomach ulcers, blood cells and iron are lost with them.
• Iron absorption is impaired. If a woman has gastritis or a reduced concentration of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, the trace element poorly penetrates into the blood.
• There is not enough iron. Those who refuse meat, eat few greens, may develop iron deficiency anemia.

How is it treated

The doctor will prescribe Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy: Prevention tips, medicines that contain iron. If the pregnant woman has severe anemia, the expectant mother can be admitted to the hospital. She may need a blood transfusion.

It is helpful to change your diet to include more meat, eggs, herbs, and fruits.

Vitamin deficiency

Low hemoglobin may be due to the fact that blood cells are not dividing properly or there are few of them. This occurs when there is a lack of Vitamin deficiency anemia of vitamin C, B12 or folic acid. B12 hypovitaminosis occurs most often due to malnutrition, when a woman consumes little meat and milk, as well as with intestinal dysbiosis, Crohn's disease or after stomach surgery. A deficiency of folic acid and vitamin C occurs in pregnant women who do not eat enough greens and fruits, smoke and drink alcohol.

How is it treated

For the treatment of mild forms of anemia, the doctor will prescribe vitamin complexes and advise on a diet. Those who have not given up bad habits should do this as soon as possible.

With a severe form, you need to go to the hospital. They will prescribe more serious medications, and if they do not help, they will make a blood transfusion.

Aplastic

This is a rare but severe anemia, Aplastic anemia, which usually develops long before pregnancy. The disease is caused by damage to the bone marrow, which produces all blood cells. Aplastic anemia can be caused by:

• Radiation and chemotherapy. They are used to treat various types of cancer.
• Medicines. Some prescription antibiotics and drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis damage the bone marrow.
• Chemical substances. Hematopoiesis is impaired when poisoning with benzene or arsenic.
• Viruses. Scientists believe that cytomegalovirus, hepatitis virus, Epstein-Barr virus, HIV can damage the bone marrow.
• Immunity. Sometimes the body attacks its own cells and disrupts their division.

How is it treated

During pregnancy, aplastic anemia is very dangerous. Extragenital pathology in obstetrics: Anemia in pregnant women: rare forms of anemia and in 45% of cases leads to the death of the mother. A woman is given a blood transfusion, treated with hormones, and in case of severe bleeding, the spleen is removed. If the pregnancy is long, the doctor will suggest a caesarean section to keep the baby alive.

Sickle cell

It is a rare hereditary blood transfusion policy for sickle cell disease during pregnancy anemia that appears long before pregnancy. The peculiarity of the disease is that hemoglobin has an abnormal structure, so the red blood cells take the shape of a sickle. In this form, they cannot pass through microvessels, they get stuck in them and are destroyed. Some of the altered cells accumulate in the spleen and liver, but there are few of them in the blood, so there is not enough hemoglobin either.

How is it treated

Scientists have no cure for sickle cell anemia. Therefore, pregnant women are given transfusions. Sickle cell blood transfusion policy during pregnancy to maintain normal hemoglobin levels.

Hemolytic

In pregnant women, hemolytic extragenital pathology in obstetrics: Anemia in pregnant women: rare forms of anemia are very rare. It can be a congenital genetic disease, in which red blood cells live much less than the prescribed 120 days and are destroyed. Sometimes breakdown of immunity in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic hepatitis leads to cell breakdown.

Features of hemolytic anemia that distinguish it from other types of disorders are jaundice and black urine. These are signs of accelerated destruction of blood cells.

How is it treated

Hemolytic anemia is usually known before pregnancy. Therefore, a woman undergoes treatment in advance. Extragenital pathology in obstetrics: Anemia in pregnant women: rare forms of anemia with hormones, cytostatics, and in some cases, her spleen is removed. If the disease has worsened in a pregnant woman, then cytostatics cannot be used: they cause defects in the fetus or its death. Therefore, doctors can perform blood transfusions and prescribe hormones.

How to prevent anemia during pregnancy

The most common type of anemia in pregnant women is iron deficiency. It can be prevented if you follow the recommendations of the Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy: Prevention tips of specialists:

• Take prenatal vitamins that contain iron as prescribed by your gynecologist.
• Eat properly. Eat a piece of red meat, poultry, or fish every day. Legumes and prunes will help to replenish iron stores, but the trace element is absorbed worse from plant foods.
• To be treated in time. If, before conception, eliminate chronic gastritis, hemorrhoids, stomach ulcers, then there is less chance of anemia during pregnancy.