How to develop memory and attention

2024 Author: Malcolm Clapton | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 03:44

Everyone is interested in how memory works. Why is it sometimes so difficult to remember the necessary information, and all sorts of little things are spinning in your head? Why can one person reproduce the contents of an entire encyclopedia, while another does not remember where he put the keys? There are too many “whys” associated with memory, and not all of these questions can be answered by science. One thing is clear - memory can be developed like any other ability.

Of course, even hard training is unlikely to teach you to memorize 30-digit numbers at a glance, but it is quite possible to improve your memory. And for this there are quite working tools. To make an analogy, not everyone is gifted to become great opera singers, but if you take vocal classes, you can learn to sing better.

Memory, in scientific terms, is the mental process of acquiring, storing, retaining and reproducing information.

During memorization, three important processes take place in our brain: first we encode information, then we send it for storage in order to return to it when needed, and then (if this moment comes) we try to reproduce it. The work of all computers is organized according to the same principle. Only now they do not have a process inherent in a person - forgetting. There is no need to be afraid of forgetting, it is a natural phenomenon. The brain must remove unclaimed information. The main thing is to learn not to forget the really important things.

Types of memory

There are several types of memory, each of which requires its own training.

1. Sensory. Retains information received directly from the senses. This is visual, auditory memory. Information is not held for a long time, only 0, 1–3 seconds.
2. Short-term. Retains information for a limited time (up to 30 seconds) and cannot store data on a large number of objects. To remember something, there is a proven way - repetition. Without repetition, information simply disappears over time.
3. Long-term. Stores information for a long time (hours, years, sometimes all life). Moreover, simple mechanical memorization will not help to reliably remember something - mental interpretation, processing of the material, as well as the establishment of connections with already existing knowledge are necessary. Storing information is one thing, but reproducing it is another. Sometimes the knowledge you need is easy to get to the surface, sometimes it takes a lot of effort.

Long-term memory is generally divided into two types:

• declarative (knowledge about the world and about specific events);
• procedural (memories of body movements and how to use objects in the environment).

Exercises to develop memory

1. Schulte tables

help not only to master the technique of speed reading. They also train peripheral vision, attentiveness and observation - in general, a necessary set for the development of visual memory.

2. Aivazovsky's method for the development of photographic memory

If you have seen Aivazovsky's paintings, you will understand that his method works: to stop the movement of the wave and transfer it to the picture, both mindfulness and memory are required. So, what needs to be done: for 5 minutes, gaze intently at the object that needs to be remembered, notice all the smallest details. Then close your eyes and try to reproduce the image of the subject as accurately as possible. With regular training, you can develop this skill.

3. Learn by heart

The more you work out in the gym, the better your muscles are developed. The same principle works with memory. Learn by heart: poetry, to-do and shopping lists, prose, movie monologues, medication dosage. If you are bored at home, look out the window and memorize the numbers of cars passing by. Memorize everything, and try not just to memorize mechanically, but to come up with associations. The results will not be long in coming.

4. Eavesdrop

Want to develop your auditory memory? Eavesdrop. Yes, we know your mother told you it was indecent. But what will you not do for the sake of your own memory? When traveling on a tram or subway, listen to what the people around you are talking about. And, as in the Aivazovsky method, close your eyes and reproduce everything you hear - with precise intonations, remember the faces of people. So you will not only better perceive information by ear, but also easily begin to catch emotions in your voice.

5. Take different routes

Walking the beaten path is not only boring, but also useless for memory. Give your brain new experiences. Be attentive when you go home: memorize signs, houses, shops. In general, any new events enhance the brain activity, so do not deny yourself anything and visit museums, theaters, cafes, cinema, holidays and festivals.

6. Write stories

This method is suitable for memorizing lists: to-do lists, shopping lists, events. Just tie everything into a single story. The plot should develop consistently and logically, but fantasy can be turned on to the fullest. Brighter images are easier to remember. It may be a fairy tale, it may be a mnemonic phrase (a well-known example is “Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant is sitting”). This method will help both adults and children memorize.

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